transfer RNA) A group of small RNA molecules that function as amino acid donors during protein synthesis. Each tRNA becomes covalently linked to a particular amino acid, forming an aminoacyl-tRNA. ( Figure 4-26)
4S RNA. This is the RNA species which actually makes the connection between genetic code and amino acid. There are 61 different tRNA species -- one for each of the 64 possible codons except the termination signals. Each tRNA has an anticodon segment, with three exposed bases complementary to a particular codon. Each tRNA can be "charged" with a particular amino acid by a specific amino acyl-tRNA transferase. During translation, the tRNA which bears the appropriate anticodon base pairs with the mRNA which is being translated. The tRNA is then bound to the A-site on the small ribosomal subunit by elongation factor Tu. The ribosome then catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the tRNA-bound amino acid and the growing protein chain. Elongation factor G then moves the peptidyl-tRNA complex to the P-site of the ribosome. The tRNA-peptide link is cleaved on arrival of the next tRNA at the A site. The uncharged tRNA then moves to the E site and is released. Specific tRNAs are usually abbreviated with the 3-letter amino acid designation in subscript. Thus the tRNAs for alanine are abbreviated tRNAala. See also, aminoacyl-tRNA.
Set of small RNA molecules used in protein synthesis as an interface (adaptor) between mRNA and amino acids. Each type of tRNA molecule is covalently linked to a particular amino acid.
short-chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)
A set of RNAs that act during protein synthesis as adaptor molecules, matching individual amino acids to their corresponding codon on a mRNA. For each amino acid there is at least one tRNA.
A class of RNA having structures with triplet nucleotide sequences that are complementary to the triplet nucleotide coding sequences of mRNA. The role of tRNAs in protein synthesis is to bond with amino acids and transfer them to the ribosomes, where proteins are assembled according to the genetic code carried by mRNA.
A class of small RNA; molecules that take specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation such that amino acids are inserted to form a polypeptide chain
Special RNAs that are charged with amino acids and which carry anticodons for recognition of the codons in mRNA. tRNAs are responsible for translation from the language of nucleic acids into the language of polypeptides. Each tRNA can be charged with only one type of amino acid, although multiple tRNAs exist for many of the amino acids.
stands for transfer ribonucleic acid. Transfer RNA brings amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
transfer RNA, a small ribonucleic chain (74-93 nucleotides) that transfers amino acids to the ribosome to be placed in the order prescribed by the messenger RNA; tRNA molecules match up with a template strand of mRNA to facilitate formation of a specific sequence of amino acids into linear strands that are later processed in the cell to form proteins.
transfer RNA; RNA molecules in the cytoplasm of a cell that carry amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Abbreviation for transfer RNA. Relatively small class of RNA molecules which mediate the insertion of an amino acid at the correct point in the sequnce of a nascent polypeptide during protein systhesis (translation step).
Transfer RNA; combines with specific amino acid in protein synthesis.
Transfer RNA, which combines the specific amino acid in protein synthesis.
transfer RNA; an RNA molecule that transfers an amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain during translation
transfer RNA) A class of small RNA molecules that bear specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation; the amino acid is inserted into the growing polypeptide chain when the anticodon of the tRNA pairs with a codon on the mRNA being translated.
This matches with MRNA and also carries an amino acid. (truck). Transfer ribonucleic acid. a type of RNA that carries an amino acid to the MRNA on the ribosome.
transfer RNA; molecule that binds to an mRNA codon and brings in the appropriate amino acid for that codon