A procedure where a an aversive stimulus event or object is removed contingently upon a response, usually immediately following the response, resulting in the likelihood that the response will be strengthened or maintained. This is a level III procedure.
The strengthening of a tendency to exhibit desired behaviour by rewarding responses in that situation with the removal of an aversive stimulus.
The increase in the probability of a behavior being repeated through the removal of an aversive stimulus. go to glossary index
Reinforcement that comes about when the removal or avoidance of a negative event is the consequence of behavior.
Occurs when an individual works to avoid an undesirable condition or outcome.
punishment of people who do something of which society disapproves
The use of unpleasant consequence in the learning process. The word reinforcement illustrates a process that strengthens a behaviour. The word negative means two things. First, a negative or aversive stimulus is used in the process, and/or second, the reinforcer is taken away. In negative reinforcement, after the response the negative reinforcer is removed which increases the frequency of the response. Note there are two types of negative reinforcement: escape and avoidance. In general, in a negative reinforcement process we learn to escape before we learn to avoid.
Refers to an increase in the frequency of a response by removing an aversive event immediately after the response is performed.
(See Reinforcement, Negative)
Removal of something after behavior has occurred that causes the behavior to increase.
A process in which a response increases in frequency due to the removal of an aversive stimulus from the animal's environment.
Describes a training situation in which a negative reinforcer is used. Negative reinforcement is NOT a fancy word for punishment or correction
A form of dog training that teaches a dog to behave correctly in order to avoid physical punishments like choking, pinching or leash jerking.
In training, the use of an unpleasant stimulus, such as a whip or bit, if a task is not performed.
An act that increases the frequency of a behavior by providing an aversive stimulus that the subject will work to avoid or escape. The frequency of behavior increases to avoid the onset of or to terminate the aversive stimulus.
in operant conditioning, an increase in the probability of a behavior that is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus. (251)
Reward generated by the removal of painful or stressful conditions or events.
Removal of a negative event or consequence that serves to increase the frequency of a particular behavior
Encouraging a correct behavior by punishing any behaviors other than it. An example is putting a child into "time out" after she throws a tantrum. According to most adult learning research negative reinforcement is not recommended for most adult learning situations. Why not? A set of electrodes pluged into the serial port of my computer would have me trying extra hard at test time
a discouraging outcome or result of behavior, whether within or beyond the control of the person performing the behavior. For example, it may come in the form of receiving criticism, having to buy larger size clothing, or being unable to fit in a restaurant chair. See Positive Reinforcement, Behavior Modification and Reward System.
Removal of an aversive stimulus that strengthens a preceding response.
Reinforcing a response by the removal of an aversive stimulus. See also negative reinforcer.
An individual works to avoid an undesirable consequence.