E-Science involves developing shared access to distributed computational resources (both high-performance computing and large data collections), which enables bigger, better and different research to take place. This is also known as grid computing. E-Science encourages multidisciplinary research by distributed, collaborative research teams. Under the broader umbrella of e-research, e-Science is capable of making substantial differences to research within the Arts and Humanities. Further information.

The term e-Science (or eScience) is used to describe computationally intensive science that is carried out in highly distributed network environments, or science that uses immense data sets that require grid computing. The term was created by John Taylor, the Director General of the United Kingdom's Office of Science and Technology in 1999 and was used to describe a large funding initiative starting in November 2000. Examples of the kind of science include social simulations, particle physics, earth sciences and bio-informatics.