A transaction "in dispute" is a charge that has been posted to a cardholder's account now being questioned for validity. Disputes are governed by association operating regulations which provide instructions for action and timelines by type of dispute.

The EU is promoting the settling of cross-border civil disputes through alternate dispute resolution methods where it is attempted to reach an agreement through arbitrage rather than the courts. (See Judicial-civil: Alternative dispute resolution)

General term to designate disputes, objections, and appeals to the Minister.