the phenomena in which, when an electric current is passed through a junction consisting of wires of different metals, the junction is warmed or cooled depending on the direction of current flow.
When a current flows through a thermocouple junction, heat will either be absorbed or evolved depending on the direction of current flow. This effect is independent of joule I2 R heating.
The ability for two dissimilar metals and metal/semiconductors to create a thermal difference when current flows across the dissimilar junction.
The transfer of heat in the opposite direction of the current flow. By pumping current through a "Peltier stack" to a heat sink, heat can be removed from a CCD. The heat sink is cooled by circulating liquid or air. The temperature must be regulated.