Within the Diamond Fund of the Kremlin is a large diamond known as the Orlov (sometimes spelled Orloff). The origin of this resplendent relic—described as having the shape and proportions of half a hen's egg—can be traced back to a Hindu temple in 18th century Mysore, southern India.

Orlov (Орлов) is the name of a Russian noble family which produced several distinguished statesmen, diplomatists and soldiers. The family first gained distinction in the person of four Orlov brothers, of whom the senior was Catherine the Great's lover, and the two junior were notable military commanders. As neither of brothers left a legitimate male issue, the title and arms of Counts Orlov passed in 1856 to the related Davydov family.

Orlov is a lunar impact crater. It is located on the Moon's far side, to the northeast of the larger Leeuwenhoek crater. To the north-northwest of Orlov is De Vries crater, and to the east-southeast is Rumford crater.