Localized thinning that occurs during sheet metal forming prior to fracture. The onset of localized necking is dependent upon the stress state which is affected by geometrical factors.

Localized reduction of cross-sectional area of a specimen under tensile load. It is disregarded in calculating engineering stress but is taken into account in determining true stress.

Strip condition caused by the application of too much tension that causes the metal strip to become narrower (or stretched).

Reducing the cross sectional area of the metal in an area by stretching.

The reduction of the crosssectional area of metal in a localized area by uniaxial tension or by stretching. (2) The reduction of the diameter of a portion of the length of a cylindrical shell or tube. See Figure N1 for an example of necking. The onset of localized necking is dependent upon the stress state which is affected by geometrical factors.

In materials or mechanical engineering, necking is a mode of ductile flow of a material in tension. This is visible when applied stress passes a material’s ultimate strength. The material cross sectional area decreases, becoming thinner, and increases in length before it fails completely.

the molding at the top of a column

a narrow moulding between the base and shaft of a column.

is a condition most feared by engineers and designers. Should the withdrawal rate of the auger exceed the replacement rate of the concrete pumped into the pile the soil may collapse and make the pile shaft smaller than nominal. In other cases shaft could be discontinuous. This could result is serious structural inadequacies.

the moldings on a column between the shaft and the capital