A technique for obtaining an approximate solution to certain mathematical and physical problems, characteristically involving the replacement of a probability distribution by sample values, usually performed using a computer.

a technique involving randomness, particularly random sampling, and generally relying on statistical principles or effects to produce a useful result

A repeated random sampling from the distribution of values for each of the parameters in a generic (exposure or dose) equation to derive an estimate of the distribution of (exposures or doses in) the population.