1. Pieces of strong paper pasted to the inside of boards to prevent their being warped by the covering material. 2. The two pieces of material which are used to strengthen the spine, the first being of mull and the second of Kraft.

In quality shoes the quarters and vamps are lined to enhance comfort and durability.

Metallic or other colored coatings on the interior (hole) surface of a transparent bead. The effect of a color lining is also sometimes achieved through a colored inclusion closely surrounding the hole.

strips reinforcing the joins between the front, back and ribs