Ability of a working fluid to do its work based on the arrangement and motion of its molecules.
The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a system. The internal energy of the system is proportional to its temperature.
(U, E) Compare with enthalpy and energy. Internal energy (U) is defined so that changes in internal energy ( U) are equal to the heat absorbed or released by a process running at constant volume. While changes in internal energy can be measured using calorimetry, absolute values of internal energy usually cannot be determined. Changes in internal energy are equal to the heat transferred plus the work done for any process.
The energy stored in a thermodynamic system.
The total energy of a system. It is a state function, so depends solely upon the current state of the system (determined by variables such as pressure, temperature, etc).
when heat is added to a thermodynamical system, it is stored as internal energy. A system cannot contain heat, since heat is a process. See also heat. At equilibrium, U is not necessarily a minimum for thermodynamical systems. See also enthalpy
total kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the internal state of the atoms composing a thermodynamic system (see equation 12.8)
Energy which a substance possesses because of the motion and configuration of its atoms, molecules, and subatomic particles. ( 755)
the energy contained in a chemical system. In biochemistry, this would include all the types of energy that might be change in chemical reactions, including the kinetic energy of motion and vibration and the ener gy stored in chemical bonds (covalent or noncovalent).
a measure of the molecular activity of a substance or the sum of the total energies of all molecules in a specific mass. In an ideal gas, internal energy is directly proportional to the temperature of the substance.
A thermodynamic property. The energy associated with a substance at a molecular level.
A measure of the internal energy stored within a material per unit volume. For most heat transfer problems, this energy consists just of thermal energy. The amount of thermal energy stored in a body is manifested by its temperature.
The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of particles that make up a system
the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all components of an object.
In thermodynamics, the internal energy of a thermodynamic system, or a body with well-defined boundaries, denoted by U, or sometimes E, is the total of the kinetic energy due to the motion of molecules (translational, rotational, vibrational) and the potential energy associated with the vibrational and electric energy of atoms within molecules or crystals. It includes the energy in all the chemical bonds, and the energy of the free, conduction electrons in metals.