measurement which can only be determined by applying theories or principles in conjunction with any customary measuring device(s), such as a ruler, scale, meter (see also derived measurement)

A process where the measurement of some entity is not obtained by the direct reading of a measuring tool, or by counting of units superimposed alongside or on that entity. For example if the length and width of a rectangle are multiplied to find the area of that rectangle, then the area is an indirect measurement.

a measurement of some other temperature from which one can infer the product temperature

an evaluation that depends on one or more other aspects of the software