The corrosive effect produced on steel armor of survey cables and other steel equipment by the penetration of hydrogen released from the decomposition of hydrogen sulfide, H S. The presence of H S in wellbore fluids will result in a degree of embrittlement in steel equipment unless the steel has been protected by an inhibitor, or the pH of solutions has been otherwise controlled.
Steel fasteners exposed to hydrogen can fail prematurely at a stress level well below the materials yield strength. Hydrogen embrittlement occurs in fasteners usually as a result of the part being exposed to hydrogen at some time during its manufacturing process but it can also occur through in-service corrosion. Electroplating is generally considered to be a major cause of hydrogen absorption in steel fasteners due to the release of hydrogen during this process. Higher strength steels are more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than lower strength steels, however it is considered that there is no lower strength limit. As a rule of thumb, steels below Rockwell C 35 are considered to be far less susceptible. Tests such as the incremental load hydrogen embrittlement test can be completed to assess if hydrogen embrittlement is present in a batch of fasteners.
The brittleness induced in steel by the absorption of atomic hydrogen, most commonly from a pickling or plating operation.
Hydrogen absorbed in electroplating or pickling of carbon steels, tending to make the spring material brittle and susceptible to cracking and failure, particularly under sustained loads.
All high carbon and high strength steel parts with hardness greater than Rockwell C35 are susceptible to embrittlement caused by absorption of hydrogen during the processing of the steel during pickling, cleaning or electroplating. Zinc plating can cause this embrittlement on high strength steels used to make springs, etc. There is no assured way on the processing cycle for cleaning and plating such steels with zinc that reliably avoid the embrittlement. Precautionary measures recommends baking the parts for 3 to 4 hours at 190 to 205°C, ideally within 4 hours after electroplating, reduces the danger of such failure for susceptible steel parts.
Embrittlement of a metal or alloy caused by absorption of atomic hydrogen, for example during a pickling, cleaning or plating process. Immersion deposit : A metallic deposit produced by a displacement reaction in which one metal displaces another from solution, for example : Fe + Cu2 Õ Cu + Fe2
When hydrogen is absorbed in electroplating carbon steel, tending to make the spring susceptible to failure.
A premature fatigue of metal caused by the presence of free hydrogen. This is a major cause of ceramic breakage in hot water seal applications, and bearing fatigue if moisture penetrates into the bearing case.
Loss of ductility of a material due to absorption of hydrogen gas during heat treatment an electrolytic process or during acid cleaning.
Hydrogen induced cracking or severe loss of ductility caused by the presence of hydrogen in the metal. Hydrogen absorption may occur during electroplating, pickling etc. ( The use of hydrogen as a secondary gas in plasma spraying does not appear to effect substrates and the majority of coatings, one exception being titanium coatings.)
The absorption of hydrogen by a metal resulting in a loss of ductility.
metal condition that causes the metal to suffer a severe loss of ductility and/or toughness from the absorption of hydrogen from water vapor, pickling acids, or hydrocarbons.
The process whereby steel components become less resistant to breakage and generally much weaker in tensile strength. While embrittlement has many causes, in the oil field it is usually the result of exposure to gaseous or liquid hydrogen sulphide [H2S].
Hydrogen absorbed in electroplating of carbon steels causing the spring material to become brittle, leading to cracking and spring failure.
A condition of low ductility resulting from the absorption of hydrogen. A time dependent fracture process which results in a loss of ductility. See Ductility.
Hydrogen embrittlement (or hydrogen grooving) is the process by which various metals, most importantly high-strength steel, become brittle and crack following exposure to hydrogen. Hydrogen cracking can pose an engineering problem especially in the context of a hydrogen economy. However, commercially workable and safe technology exists globally in the hydrogen industry, which produces some 50 million metric tons per year.
