(die) Verhüttung Primary production of metals. Ores are smelted to metals. Simple ores, such as oxidic ores can be →reduced to metal in a single smelting process. More complex ores, such as sulfidic ores have to be →roasted, i.e. compounds that cannot be directly reduced have to be oxidised first, before the ore can be reduced to metal. Depending on what ore is smelted, it has sometimes to be →beneficiated as well, which is the separation of ore and gangue.

Extracting metals from the ore concentrate by pyrometallurgical processes.

thermal processing whereby molten metal is liberated from beneficiated ore or concentrate with impurities separating as lighter slag.

fusing or melting of ore in order to separate out metal

The process of producing primary aluminum through the electrolytic reduction of alumina. The molten aluminum can be castinto ingots and then fabricated into a variety of products.

The high-temperature process by which pure metal is produced from an ore.

The process of extracting crude metal from its ore or concentrate by fusion, before being sent to the refinery for final processing.

a metallurgical process that involves reducing metal ions to the free metal

A process of heating and melting ores and concentrates and then separating the desirable molten metals such as copper from other elements. After smelting, the metallic copper is poured into a specific shape called an “anode”. Anodes must go through one more purifying or refining process before they are ready for the market place. This is accomplished by sending the anodes to a refinery where they are electrolytically refined into essentially pure copper.

Heating ore or concentrate material with suitable flux materials at high temperatures creating a fusion of these materials to produce a melt consisting of two layers with a slag of the flux and gangue (waste) minerals on top and molten impure metals below. This generally produces an unfinished product (matte) requiring refining.

The primary process for recovering lead and antimony from scrapped batteries and scrap from battery manufacture.

The partial recovery of metal from processed ore.

technique involving the melting or fusing of ore in a furnace, to separate elements

The extraction of metal from an ore mineral by melting.

Metal ores such as iron ore and lead ore are found in rocks in the ground. Smelting is the process of extracting the metal from the ore.

The process by which molten aluminum is produced from alumina.

A metallurgical operation in which metal is separated from impurities by a process that includes fusion.

The process of extracting a metal from its ores by heating; the chemical reduction of the oxide of the metal with carbon in a furnace. Earth and other impurities, separating as lighter and more fusible slags, can readily be removed from the reduced metal.

A metallurgical operation in which metal is separated by fusion from those impurities with which it may be chemically combined or physically mixed.

The process in which a metal is extracted from its ore.

A pyro-metallurgical operation in which gold is further separated from impurities.

The heating process for removing metals from their ores. A blast furnace is commonly used for converting iron ore into metallic iron.

The heating of a metal-containing rock to high temperatures in a fire so that the rock will decompose to yield metal plus a nonmetallic residue (slag).

(1) the chemical reduction of a metal from its ore and certain fluxes by melting at high temperatures. The non-metallic material floated on top of the heavier metallic constituents in the molten state and remained in that position when it cooled and hardened.

A process in which molten metal or molten slag is produced by separating the pure metal from extraneous or impure substances with the use of heat.

Smelting is the process of removing metals, such as lead and gold, from rocks through melting. Smelting may result in the unwanted release of metals to the environment.

A smelting process to upgrade further the fraction containing the valuable minerals.

Process in which a desired metal is separated from the other elements in an ore mineral.

the process of melting or fusing ore often with an accompanying chemical change in order to separate the metal

The process of melting ores in furnaces.

fusing or melting to separate metal from ore

To extract metal from ore (solid rock or mineral) by meting it at high temperatures.

In metallurgy: the melting or fusion of ore in order to extract a metal.

Process of producing molten aluminium by the reduction of alumina.

A heat process applied to ore, which separates a metal from impurities.

A metallurgical thermal process in which a metal is separated in fused form from nonmetallic materials or other undesired metals with which it is associated.