Maneuvers not necessary for normal flight, but used in air show, competition, or combat flying. Some example maneuvers would be loops, rolls, spins, and stall turns.
In 1913 a Frenchman by the name of Pegoud was the first person to perform aerobatics in a specially strengthened Bleriot. The first loop was made by Piotr Nesterov on 20th August 1913 in a Nieuport Monoplane. more...