Electrons in the outer shell of an atom
Electrons that can participate in bonds and in chemical reactions; lone-pair electrons are valence electrons, although not participating in a bond.
The electrons in the outermost shell, see orbits. The outermost ring of electrons is the ring that gives the clues to the chemical behavior of the element. If the outermost or last ring is complete, the element does not tend to enter into chemical combination and is classed as inert or noble elements ( octet rule). If it is incomplete, the element acts as though it is seeking ring completeness. Ring completeness may be attained in chemical combinations with other elements wherein extra electrons are loaned or needed electrons are borrowed.
Electrons in the outermost or highest-energy orbitals of an atom. The electrons that are gained or lost in a chemical reaction.
The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.
the electrons in the outermost occupied principal quantum level of an atom.
Electrons that occupy the highest energy levels in anatom. These are the only electrons involved in chemical bonding. By contrast, the coreelectrons, or the ones at lower energy levels, play no role in the bonding of atoms.
Outermost electrons of atoms; usually those involved in bonding.