The process of rephrasing words from one representational system into another, useful in bridging understanding between two people.

The process of transferring the meaning of a written text from one language into its equivalent language in another. The process of crafting language to create parallel and equivalent mental structures. The question for the translator is not "how do you say that in...?", but, rather, "how would it have been said, had it been said originally in...

The act of rendering written text from one language into another. (cf. interpreting)

Making up a story to go with the picture when the audio goes out on the TV or in the case of radio, imagining what the DJ really looks like