Conditions that alter the conformation of a protein which regulates expression of other genes. Initially signal transduction was used to refer to extracellular conditions that alter the conformation of a membrane protein and cause it to relay the regulatory signal inside the cell, but more recently the term has been broadly applied to a variety of regulatory cascades.
Relaying of a signal by conversion from one physical or chemical form to another. In cell biology, the process by which a cell converts an extracellular signal into a response.
The process by which a hormone or growth factor outside the cell transmits a message into the cell.
The way by which a cell relays information from receptor binding to cellular response.
Conversion of a signal from one physical or chemical form into another. In cell biology commonly refers to the sequential process initiated by binding of an extracellular signal to a receptor and culminating in one or more specific cellular responses.
A biological process that occurs when an extracellular signal causes an intracellular signal resulting in a physiological response.
the processes by which an extracellular signal (typically a hormone or neurotransmitter) interacts with a receptor at the cell surface. This causes a change in the level of a second messenger (for example cyclic AMP) and ultimately effects a change in the cell's functioning.
The interaction of proteins that results in various protein modifications such as phosphorylation. These modifications can lead to a chain reaction of subsequent protein-protein interactions that end with a change in the cellular activity, either through modifications of gene expression, or changes in protein composition or localization. Signal transduction is a key component of systems biology. See also Ligand, Receptor.
The conversion of one type of signal into another, usually through a series of biochemical reactions. For example, the events that conduct the signal of a hormone or from the cell exterior through the cell membrane, into the cytoplasm, and ultimately to the nucleus, triggering a change in gene expression appropriate to the signal. This involves a number of molecules, including receptors, protein messengers, and enzymes.
The process by which chemical, electrical, or biological signals are transmitted into and within a cell.
Usually refers to the series of steps that occurs in the cell cytoplasm after a receptor has bound its ligand to communicate/transduce the signal to the cell nucleus. The "signal" of an activated receptor is carried through the cells by various intracellular messengers and cascades of enzymes. Often the signal will be sent to the nucleus, where genes are turned on and/or off to change the function of the cell. Sometimes referred to as downstream signaling.
The process by which a cell transmits an external stimulus (signal) to the nucleus for a response
biochemical event that conducts the "signal" of a hormone or growth factor from the exterior of a cell, through the membrane and into the cytoplasm; involves receptors, ligands, messengers, and other molecules.
Relaying a signal by conversion from one form to another. The transduction of an extracellular signal to the cytoplasm by a cell surface receptor or a cytoplasmic receptor.
The movement of information through the cell.
Signal transduction describes the uptake of environmental signals by cells, the intercellular communication between cells in a multicellular organism, and the signal recognition, transmission, and resulting action within a cell.
Process by which chemical or physical messages are communicated between the surface of a cell and its interior in a step-wise manner that results in a response by the cell.
A basic process in molecular cell biology involving the conversion of a signal from outside the cell to a functional change within the cell.
In biology, signal transduction refers to any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another, most often involving ordered sequences of biochemical reactions inside the cell, that are carried out by enzymes and linked through second messengers resulting in what is thought of as a "second messenger pathway". Such processes are usually rapid, lasting on the order of milliseconds in the case of ion flux, to minutes for the activation of protein and lipid mediated kinase cascades. In many signal transduction processes, the number of proteins and other molecules participating in these events increases as the process eminates from the initial stimulus, resulting in a "signal cascade" and often results in a relatively small stimulus eliciting a large response.
