Increases blood circulation to the area to which it is applied

causes redness of skin, possibly irritation

When rubefacients are applied to the skin they cause a gentle, local irritation and stimulate the dilation of the capillaries, thus increasing circulation in the skin. The blood is drawn from deeper parts of the body into the skin and thus often internal pains are relieved.

Herbs that are irritating to the skin and the mucous membranes. They're used to increase blood flow to the affected area (e.g., horseradish opens up the sinuses). [L. rubefactum – redden

a counter-irritant which causes heat and redness - such as hot water for example

an agent that causes reddening and warming of the skin for the relief of muscular pain and is often used as a counterirritant

external use. An agent to draw a rich blood supply to the skin, increasing heat to the tissues to aid the body in absorption of properties from creams, lotions etc.

An agent that causes skin to redden. Active rubefacient occurs when an excess of blood occurs because of local or general relaxation of the arterioles. Passive rubefacient occurs when an excess of blood results from obstructing its outflow.

substances for external application that cause redness of the skin through dilation of the capillaries, which allows for increased blood circulation, resulting in a warming sensation.

produces local redness and warmth when applied to the skin.

reddens the skin when applied topically.

Causes temporary skin redness

herbs that, when applied to the skin, stimulate circulation in that area.

A local irritant that reddens the skin.

Increases circulation and produces redness of the skin Cayenne, Ginger

A substance which reddens skin by increasing blood supply to it.

Herbs that simulate circulation locally when applied to the skin. Cloves, Fennel, Ginger.

causing reddening of the skin

Improves circulation to the area it has been applied.

Causes redness and increased blood supply to the skin.

causes redness of the skin

Causes redness and often blisters the skin. Sedative Lessens activity, including anxiety and tension.

an agent, applied to the skin, causing a local irritation and redness; for relief of internal pain.

herb which stimulates circulation to outer body areas. (Cayenne).

Substance that has regenerating property, and reddens the skin

Substance causing redness and possible irritation to the skin

Encourages blood flow to the skin causing reddening and warming

agent which reddens skin, dilates the vessels, and increases blood supply locally

Affects immune system and reactivity due to its ability to produces a mild irritation, reddening of the skin and local vasodilatation thereby increasing the blood supply to the area of application. to top of page

An agent that causes reddening or irritation when applied to the skin.

Reddens skin by increasing the blood supply to it.

An external application causing redness or irritation to the skin.

reddening agent, usually in reference to a counter-irritant

A rubefacient is a substance for external application that produces redness of the skin e.g. by causing dilation of the capillaries and an increase in blood circulation.