Definitions for "Reprogramming"
Resetting the developmental clock of a nucleus; for example, resetting the developmental state of an adult differentiated cell nucleus so that it can carry out the genetic program of an early embryonic cell nucleus, making all the proteins required for embryonic development. In somatic cell nuclear transfer, components of the recipient egg cytoplasm are thought to play an important role in reprogramming the somatic cell nucleus to carry out the functions of an embryonic nucleus.
Manipulating stem cells in a way that changes their developmental pathway from one type of cell to another.
Reprogramming refers to erasure and reestablishment of DNA methylation during mammalian development. After fertilization some cells of the newly formed embryo migrate to the germinal ridge and will eventually become the germ cells (sperm and oocytes). Due to the phenomenon of genomic imprinting maternal and paternal genomes are differentially marked and must be properly reprogrammed every time they pass through the germline.
A comprehensive replanning of the effort remaining in the contract result ing in a revised total allocated budget which may exceed the current contract budget base. Reprogramming is normally another term for " overrun." [D04654] QWF
removing funds from one appropriation account to the next.The aim of reprogramming is usually to fund a project different from the original appropriation.
A change in the allocation of resources in a budget. Resources are programmed with the budget, and a change is another programming, or a reprogramming. In practice, a change is called a reprogramming if it exceeds certain thresholds. An approved budget usually consists of specific amounts of money appropriated for specific accounts. Within each account there may be additional restrictions on what the money may be used for. A reprogramming is whenever funds need to be changed in ways that would violate any of the conditions of the appropriation law. The law or the report associated with the law usually specifies what is considered a reprogramming and the conditions under which reprogramming may be carried out. For an example, click for the FAQ on reprogrammings.