The art or process of converting cast iron into wrought iron or steel by subjecting it to intense heat and frequent stirring in a reverberatory furnace in the presence of oxidizing substances, by which it is freed from a portion of its carbon and other impurities.

Last and most widespread of the ways to produce Wrought Iron from Pig Iron. First devised by Henry Cort in 1784, but later revised by Joseph Hall in 1816. Solid iron, be it fresh Pig Iron or scrap Cast Iron, was first melted and then refined. Once the iron was molten in the bottom of the hearth, it was stirred with a long pole. This brought the carbon in contact with the air where it burn off. However as the carbon content reduced, the melting point increased and the iron became a lump of sticky Wrought Iron. The Process was sometime known as 'Pig Boiling' as the iron tended to bubble as the carbon was removed. Last Commercial Puddling took place in the U.K. in the mid 1970s. Hammering (under a ShinShinglingdling Hammer) and rolling followed puddling in order firstly drive out the slag, weld the iron into a homogeneous lump and lastly produce a saleable product. Puddling had to take place in a Reverberatory Furnace in order to avoid contamination of the Iron. Description of the Puddling Process

An early process used to convert pig iron to wrought iron.

The process of working clay, loam, pulverized ore, etc., with water, to render it compact, or impervious to liquids; also, the process of rendering anything impervious to liquids by means of puddled material.

Lining the bed and sides of the canal with a clayey mixture of loam and course sand. Originally pounded in place by horses or navvies wearing puddling-boots.

A behavior of some butterflies in which they congregate at puddles, moist soil, or dung to obtain moisture and salts.[ image

Synonymous with face wetting. If the bottom, (exit side) of the orifice plate becomes a wetted surface, ink issuing from the orifice will frequently form a puddle and if the puddle becomes large enough or if the inertial energy of the exit droplets are too low, the surface tension of the puddle will prevent the ink droplets from leaving the orifice plate. Much technology and quite a few trade secrets are involved in preventing this problem during operation.

Etchant remaining on top of board in horizontal etching. Puddling blocks oxidation and prevents etching.

This refers to the application of excessive heavy, uneven coats of finishing material.

Puddle. See Puddle, n., 2.