Cutting back in more or less systematic fashion the crown of a tree but leaving a main trunk to 1.5 m or so, with the object of harvesting small wood and browse, of producing regrowth beyond the reach of animals or of reducing the shade cast by the crown.
A similar practice to that of coppicing but the trees are cut 6-10 feet above the ground to allow grazing to take place under the trees.
The traditional practice of cutting all the branches from a tree, usually willow, at about six feet above ground so that the re-growth cannot be eaten by stock. The harvested timber was used for a variety of purposes.
Cutting branches and often the top of a tree. This can be at a height which is beyond the reach of browsing animals.
a traditional woodland management practice in which the branches of a tree are cut back every few years to encourage new long, straight shoots for harvesting. Differs from coppicing because the cuts are made at sufficient distance from the ground to prevent them from being eaten by animals.
specific pruning technique for height restriction of trees.
a formal pruning technique where the previous season's growth is cut back to a branch stub annually, resulting in swollen fist-like branch ends (compare with ' stooling').
Lopping of the branches of a tree at head height or a little above to encourage shoots to arise above the reach of browsing animals.
Pollarding is a woodland management method of encouraging lateral branches by cutting off a tree stem or minor branches two metres or so above ground level. The tree is given a year to regrow, after the initially cutting, but once begun, pollarding require annual maintenance by pruning. This will eventually result in a somewhat expanded (or swollen) nodes topping the tree trunk with multiple new side and top shoots growing from it.