The sport of racing from one point to another while using a topo map and a compass. Courses are set up according to various levels of skill and age. Very popular in Europe and Australia.

The sport of navigating to various checkpoints in a bushland setting to collect points; typically, checkpoints further from the start location have more points. See also: rogaining

The art of navigation using map and compass. Sometimes engaged in as a competitive sport. See NEOC website

Orienteering is a running sport involving navigation with a map and compass. The traditional form (sometimes referred to as "Foot Orienteering" or "Foot-O") involves cross-country running, though other forms have evolved. The competition is a timed race in which individual participants use a special purpose map and a magnetic compass to navigate through diverse terrain (often wooded) and visit, in sequence, control points that are indicated on the map.