According to the American Association on Mental REtardation (1992), "mental retardation refers to substantial limitations in present functioning. It is characterized by significantly subaverage intellectual funcitoning, existing concurrently with related limitations in to or more of the following applicable adaptive skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social skills, community use, self-direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure and work. Mental retardation manifests before the age of 18. For more information on mental retardation, visit this link to the Arc Homepage.
is defined as significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period that adversely affects a student's educational and overall performance. When measured by IQ, retardation is classified into the following categories and ranges: Aptitude Standard Score* Mild 48 - 70± Moderate 25 - 48± Severe 0 - 25± *Assumes mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15.
Subnormal intellectual functioning associated with impairment in adaptive behaviour and identified at an early age.
Significantly subnormal cognitive functioning. (288)
Usually defined as an IQ of 70 or below.
The relation between autism and intellectually handicap has been a source of confusion for a long time. Many have noted that the intellectual impairments in people with Autism resemble the limitations of intellectually handicapped people. Compared with intellectually handicapped people however, individuals with Autism have more intellectual strengths - which can be above average in some areas - and a wider spread between their skills and deficits. Gross motor skills of autistic children also tend to be stronger. Intellectually handicapped children however, generally have better social and communication skills in relation to their overall developmental levels. The relationship between autism and intellectual handicap has been clarified more recently with the acknowledgement that autism can and does co-exist with other disabilities - the most common of which is "mental retardation" (current estimates of co-morbidity are 70%).
Below average general intellectual functioning, can be mild or severe. Although mental retardation is not correctable, people who are mentally retarded often benefit from special education and training.
A broadly use term that refers to significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning manifested during the development period and existing concurrently with impairment in adaptive behavior. At present, definitions indicate a person having an IQ of 70 or less and showing impairment in adaptation or social ability, falls under mental retardation.
Significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child's educational performance. [34 CFR §300.7(c)(6)
A condition in which a person's ability to learn and to function is more limited than others of the same age. During infancy and the toddler years, a child may be considered only a bit slow, although delays in development and in language and motor abilities is apparent. A diagnosis of mental retardation, however, is often not made until elementary school when the child has difficulty in mastering academic skills.
Delay in cognitive development including intellectual and adaptive skills. Usually defined as an IQ under 70.
significantly subaverage intellectual functioning, accompanied by deficits in adaptive functioning and manifested before age 18 years; subaverage intellectual functioning is defined as an IQ score of 70 or below (e.g., on the WISC-R, Stanford-Binet, K-ABC or other individually-administered psychometric test)
lack of normal development of intellectual capacities
Mental Retardation means significantly below-average general intellectual functioning (IQ 70-75 or below), existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period or before the age of 18.
The lack of intellectual functioning present in the normal individual. The preferred term is "developmental disability."
A significant impairment of general intellectual functioning that exists concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and that adversely affects the child's performance in the educational environment. (A.R.S. §15-761)
an overall reduction in mental capacity, limiting learning and thinking in a broad and fundamental way.
abnormal brain function resulting in an IQ score of less than 70 (100 is average).
(MR): Intellectual development that is limited. There are various degrees of mental retardation.
Beginning in childhood, a person has intellectual functioning level (IQ) below 70-75 and significant limitations exist in two or more adaptive skill areas. The American Association on Mental Retardation defines MR as is a disability originating before age 18 that is characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills.
A broad term describing delayed intellectual development resulting in delays in other areas such as academic learning, communication, social skills, rate of maturation, and physical coordination.
A condition caused by a range of biological and/or environmental factor and resulting in delay of cognitive and social adaptive skills.
A person whose IQ is approximately 70 or below. See American Association on Mental Retardation for more details. The classification for mental retardation is
Sub average intellectual ability that is equivalent to or less than an IQ of 70, is present from birth or infancy and is manifested especially by abnormal development, by learning difficulties and by problems in social adjustment.
A condition which causes limitations in cognitive functioning and adaptive skills. Mild retardation (IQ between 69 and 50-55) Moderate retardation (IQ between 50-55 and 35-40) Severe retardation (IQ between 35-40 and 20-25) Profound retardation (IQ below 20-25)
Subaverage intellectual ability that is equivalent to or less than an IQ of 70, is present from birth or infancy and is manifested by abnormal development, learning difficulties, and problems in social adjustment.(one's mind/thinking, just, deficient/needs, becomes)
Children who function intellectually, academically, and behaviorally below a standard score or IQ score of 70.
Slower than normal or limited intellectual and emotional development.
below-normal intellectual function that has its cause or onset early in life, with impaired learning, social adjustment and maturation; tests to assess it are controversial.
A term used when a person has certain limitations in mental functioning and in skills such as communicating, taking care of him or herself, and social skills. These limitations will cause a child to learn and develop more slowly than a typical child. Children with mental retardation may take longer to learn to speak, walk, and take care of their personal needs such as dressing or eating. They are likely to have trouble learning in school. They will learn, but it will take them longer. There may be some things they cannot learn. As many as 3 out of every 100 people have mental retardation. In fact, 1 out of every 10 children who need special education has some form of mental retardation. See the entire definition of Mental retardation
below average general intellectual functioning that originates during the developmental period, and is associated with impaired maturation, learning, and social skills.
Disability category under IDEA; refers to significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning with deficits in adaptive behavior that adversely affects educational performance.
intellectual deficiency marked by an IQ below 70 and difficulties performing in everyday life. (353)
Below average intellectual functioning resulting in impaired learning, social adjustment, and maturation.
Having significantly below average intellectual functioning, and at the same time needing help with at least two basic life skills.
term referring to delayed intellectual development resulting in delays in physical coordination, communication, academic learning, communication, etc.
Significantly below average general intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period and is associated with impairment in adaptive behavior. Mental retardation may be caused by genetic or metabolic defects, by problems before a child is born, by deprivation in early childhood, by a disease of the nervous system, by poisons, or by brain injury.
According to the new definition by the American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR), an individual is considered to have mental retardation based on the following three criteria: intellectual functioning level (IQ) is below 70-75; significant limitations exist in two or more adaptive skill areas; and the condition is present from childhood (defined as age 18 or less) (AAMR, 1992). For more information on mental retardation, visit the Arc Homepage at www.thearc.org.
Mental retardation is a mental disability that limits the intellectual capacity of an individual. A person is considered to have mental retardation if: they have an IQ below 70, the condition is present before age 18, and limitations exist in two or more adaptive skill areas. The adaptive skill areas include: communication, self-care, home-living, social skills, leisure, health and safety, self-direction, functional academics, and employment.(empty)(empty)
Deficient intellectual development.
Below average intelligence resulting in restricted development of learning, social adjustment and economic productivity. Mental retardation may be caused by genetic defects, diseases, poor nutrition in early childhood, poison or brain injury. Unrelated to mental illness.
Significantly low intelligence and severe problems adapting to everyday life skills.
Impaired or incomplete mental development characterized by an IQ of 70 or below and characterized by significant functional limitations in at least two of the following skills: communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health and safety. Onset usually occurs before age 18. More than 200 specific causes of mental retardation have been identified. Degrees of severity reflect the level of intellectual impairment: Mild Mental Retardation - IQ level 50-55 to approximately 70; Moderate Retardation - IQ level 35-40 to 50-55; Severe Mental Retardation - IQ level 20-25 to 35-40; Profound Mental Retardation - IQ level below 20-25
Subnormal intellectual functioning with impairment in social adjustment.
Mental retardation is a term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills ("milestones") during childhood, and a significantly below-normal global intellectual capacity as an adult. One common criterion for diagnosis of mental retardation is a tested intelligence quotient (IQ) of 70 or below.