Turkish currency; 1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100 kurus. Value of the lira has fluctuated considerably. In 1989 US$1.00 = TL2,122; in 1991 US$1.00 = TL4,172; in 1993 US$1.00 = TL10,983; in January 1994 US$1.00 = TL 15,196; as of August 31, 1995, US$1.00 = TL47,963. millet A non-Muslim group or community in the Ottoman Empire organized under its own religious head, who also exercised important civil functions.
The lira, or relia, is a variant of the hurdy-gurdy, an instrument which can trace its history back to the 10th century. It is thought that the lira was introduced into Ukraine in the 17th century. It was used as an instrument to accompany religious psalms and epic ballads (known as dumy) performed by wandering blind musicians called lirnyky (sing. lirnyk).