A term used to describe the rules, procedures, and practices that directly and deliberately prevent minorities from having full and equal involvement in society.
Those forces, social arrangements, institutions, structures, policies, precedents and systems of social relations that operate to deprive certain racially identified categories equality .
The conscious or unconscious exercise of notions of racial superiority by social institutions through their policies, practices and procedures as well as through the organizational culture and values. Institutional racism results in the unequal treatment of, or discrimination against, non-dominant individuals or groups.
Institutional racism is defined in the Macpherson Report as: ‘The collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin. It can be seen or detected in processes, attitudes and behaviour which amount to discrimination through unwitting prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness and racist stereotyping which disadvantage minority ethnic people.
Refers to a system of laws, policies, and other political/economic arrangements that perpetuate and maintain subordinate and dominant group positions in society according to race or ethnicity.
Racial discrimination that stems from persons carrying out the dictates of others who are prejudiced or of a prejudiced society.
Institutional racism (or structural racism or systemic racism) is a theoretical form of racism that occurs in institutions such as public bodies and corporations, including universities. The term was coined by black nationalist, pan-Africanist and honorary prime minister of the Black Panther Party Stokely Carmichael. In the late 1960s, he defined the term as "the collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin".http://www.shef.ac.uk/socst/Shop/race_article.pdf "Analysing ethnic education policy-making in England and Wales", Richard W.