A producer of petroleum without vertical integration of operations.

A nonintegrated producer of oil and gas with no refining or retail marketing operations.

1. A person or corporation that produces oil for the market, who has no pipeline system or refining. 2. An oil entrepreneur who secures financial backing and drills his own wells

In the movie and television industries, production firms that are not owned by one of the major distributors.

a producer who is not affiliated with a major studio.

Autonomous of the studio system, independent producers not only develop material, but secure financing (studio and non-studio) to make their movies. Although they fill the same basic roll on and off the set as a 'creative producer', 'indes,' surviving on a 'per-project' fee, must keep they're overhead light and company size within their personal budget.