the identification of genes coding for useful traits and their introduction into other species of plants and animals ('transgenic species'). Genetic engineering offers the possibility of correcting genetic defects at source, or introducing new, desirable genetic characteristics that will stay with the subject and may be passed on to its successors. - manipulation of DNA to form a hybrid molecule, a new combination of non-homologous DNA (so-called recombinant DNA). The technique allows the bypassing of all the biological constraints to genetic exchange and mixing and may even permit the combination of genes from widely differing species. Genetic engineering developed in the early 1970s. [CUB

a scientific process that involves inserting genes from one species into another in an attempt to transfer a desired trait or character. Many of our foods such as soybeans and canola are genetically-engineered. Many people worry that we do not know enough about gene sciences to know what the results of genetic engineering will be. Genetic engineering reduces the natural diversity of nature creating a kind of monoculture in the gene world.

Any one of several techniques for the laboratory manipulation of genes, such as recombinant DNA technology. When reproductive cells are modified, this is called germ-line or heritable gene modification, and the changes made affect all descendants. When cells other than reproductive cells are modified, this is called somatic-cell or non-inheritable gene modification, and the changes affect only the individual.

the alteration of genetic information to change an organism; mainly used to produce vaccines and drugs such as insulin

The planned changing of DNA.

A scientific technique which alters the genes of an organism. Used in medicine, industry and agriculture

The selective, deliberate alteration of genes by technological means.

The use of in vitro techniques in the isolation, manipulation, recombination, and expression of DNA.

Procedures involved in the isolation, manipulation and expression of genetic material, combining DNA from two different organisms, either for basic research or in the development of industrial processes.

Technology used to alter the genetic material of living cells in a way that the cells are capable of producing new substances or performing new functions.

"The science and art of inserting genes into or removing them from the DNA of an organism, changing the organism's inherited characteristics as a life-form."

the technique of selectively removing, modifying, or adding genes to a DNA molecule by use of recombinant DNA or other specific molecular gene transfer or exchange techniques. These techniques produce endogenous proteins with properties different from those of the normal, or to produce entirely different proteins altogether. Organisms modified by genetic engineering are sometimes referred to as transgenic, bioengineered, or genetically modified

the manipulation of the genetic composition of cells or individuals by insertion or deletion of an individual gene or genes.

The procedures used to isolate, splice and manipulate DNA outside the cell. Genetic Engineering allows a recombinantly engineered DNA segment to be introduced into a foreign cell or organism, and be able to replicate and function normally.

Insertion of an alien gene into an organism to give it a new and usually beneficial genetic trait. Compare artificial selection, natural selection.

The process by which genes are added to or deleted from an organism to change the inherited characteristics of the organism.

the transfer of specific genes between organisms using enzymes and laboratory techniques rather than biological hybridization

The use of molecular biology techniques to manipulate or transfer genetic material within or between organisms.

A branch of biotechnology. The selective, deliberate alteration of genes (genetic material) by man. This term has come to have a very broad meaning including the manipulation and alteration of the genetic material (constitution) of an organism in such a way as to allow it to produce endogenous proteins with properties different from those of the traditional (historical/typical), or to produce entirely different (foreign) proteins altogether. See Biotechnology.

Group of new research techniques that manipulate the DNA (genetic material) of cells. The gene-splicing technique, which produces recombinant DNA, is a method of transporting selected genes from one species to another. For example, in this technique, the genes, which are actually portions of molecules of DNA, are removed from the donor (insect, plant, mammal or other organism) and spliced into the genetic material of a virus; then the virus is allowed to infect recipient bacteria. In this way the bacteria become recipients of both viral and foreign genetic material. When the virus replicates within the bacteria, large quantities of the foreign as well as viral material are made.

The use of various experimental techniques to produce DNA that contains new or modified genes or combinations of genes.

very broadly, is a technique used to alter or move genetic material (genes) of living cells. In the United States, under guidelines issued by USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, genetic engineering is defined as the genetic modification of organisms by recombinant DNA techniques.

Deliberately altering the genetic constitution of an organism by introducing DNA into its cells.

Any change in the genetic constitution of an organism brought about by artificial means other than simple artificial selection and which would not usually occur in nature, such as the introduction of a gene from one species to another.

the process by which scientists use molecular tools to move genes from one organism to another, changing one or more traits of the receiving organism; similar to recombinant DNA

Technologies used to isolate genes from an organism, manipulate them in the laboratory, and insert them stably into another organism. It refers to all of the techniques used to manipulate DNA, including gene isolation and cloning, gene splicing, plasmid construction, and transformation.

Transfer, by biotechnological methods, of genetic material from one organism to another.

The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material (DNA/genes).The techniques used to transfer genes from one organism to another or to change genetic material within an organism.

The artificial manipulation of genes to alter function or insert them into a new organism.

A biotechnological process in which the traits or characteristics of an organism are changed by transferring individual genes from one species to another or modifying genes within a species.

Research and experiments involving the manipulation of the genetic makeup of an organism.

The laboratory technique of splicing together genes to produce specific proteins, for example, to use as medications (such as insulin) or vaccines.

Changing the genetic material of people, animals and plants, using technological methods. This process is used to treat disease, alter plant and animal characteristics and create useful biological products such as insulin

the technology of preparing recombinant DNA in vitro by cutting up DNA molecules and splicing together fragments from more than one organism

The manipulation of an organism's genes— introducing, eliminating, or changing them— using modern molecular biology techniques.

The technique of altering the genetic makeup of cells or organisms by deliberately inserting, removing, or altering individual genes.

The process of modifying organisms to obtain desired traits by incorporating recombinant DNA from native, alien, or synthetic sources. The term is usually reserved for in vitro recombinant DNA techniques.

A term used to cover all laboratory or industrial techniques used to alter the genetic material of organisms. These techniques assist organisms to produce new substances or perform new functions, for example increase yields of compounds already produced by the organism, form new compounds, or allow organisms to adapt to drastically altered environments.

in a broad sense, all genetic improvement procedures including plant and animal breeding; more specifically, genetic improvement using modern techniques to work with DNA.

the process of transferring dna from one organism into another that results in a genetic modification; the production of a transgenic organism.

A branch of the study of genetics concerned with the alteration of genetic material to produce a desired change in the characteristics of an organism.

the manipulation and insertion of fragments of DNA into the nucleus of living cells.

Techniques used to isolate, manipulate and transfer genes.

The process of altering the genetic material of a cell or organism so as to change its ability to function or to produce new gene products.

The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA molecule to change the information it contains. By changing this information, genetic engineering changes the type or amount of proteins an organism is capable of producing. Genetic engineering allows scientists to isolate a specific gene for a particular trait - such as resistance to insect attack - in a plant or animal, and transfer it into another plant.

Closely related to biotechnology, genetic engineering is a high-tech process in which specific genes from one organism are moved into another organism, introducing new characteristics into plants, animals, and microorganisms (SWGGS 1995a).

The alteration of genes or their expression.

The procedures used by scientists to manipulate genetic material.

Français] A method used to transfer DNA from one organism into another that results in a genetically modified organism.

A laboratory technique sometimes used to identify a defective gene in an unborn child which may cause a particular disease.

A way of directly manipulating and changing the genetic make up of an organism to produce desired effects/traits and to eliminate undesirable ones.

Laboratory manipulation of genetic material using molecular biology techniques to create desired characteristics in organisms.

adding genes to a cell to give an organism new traits

the manipulation of genetic material, generally to produce a therapeutic or agricultural product either more quickly, or in greater quantities, than is seen in nature.

Genetic engineering is a laboratory technique used by scientists to change the DNA of living organisms

The use of molecular biology tools for the deliberate modification of DNA, with the consequence of modifying the nature and expression of genes for the purpose of understanding their function.

A technology used to alter the genetic material of living cells in order to make them capable of producing new substances or performing new functions.

A set of procedures whereby a specific piece of DNA can be excised from a chromosome and inserted into the DNA of a chromosome of a different organism.

manipulation of an organism's genetic material to modify the proteins it produces.

A man-made method of altering the genes to change the characteristics of an organism.

Altering the genetic material of cells or organisms to enable them to make new substances or perform new functions.

A highly technical process of developing new plants and animals by combining genes into new forms and combinations. The process is also called biotechnology.

The technique of removing, modifying, or adding genes to a DNA molecule in order to change the information it contains. By changing this information, genetic engineering changes the type or amount of proteins an organism is capable of producing, thus enabling it to make new substances or perform new functions.

altering genetic material by combining fragments of DNA from different organisms

The insertion, deletion or alteration of a gene or DNA sequence in an animal, plant, bacterium or other organism in order to create organ-isms with specific characteristics.

The use of experimental techniques to produce DNA molecules containing new genes or new combinations.

the laboratory technique of recombining genes to produce proteins used for drugs and vaccines.

The intentional production of new genes and alteration of genomes by the substitution or addition of new genetic material.

The manipulating of genetic material in the laboratory. It includes isolating, copying, and multiplying genes, recombining genes or DNA from different species, and transferring genes from one species to another, bypassing the reproductive process.

the selective, deliberate alteration of genes (genetic material) through the introduction of new, transgenic DNA or destruction of existing DNA. Some other words often applicable to the same process are gene splicing, gene manipulation, or recombinant DNA technology (techniques).

The process by which a living organism's genetic make-up is changed by eliminating, modifying or adding copies of specific genes from other organisms through modern molecular biology techniques

The use of recombinant DNA or other specific molecular gene transfer or exchange techniques to add desirable traits to plants, animals, or other organisms, or to enhance biological processes. Organisms modified by genetic engineering are sometimes referred to as transgenic, bioengineered, or genetically modified. The Agricultural Research Service does in-house research in this field, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service regulates the release of genetically engineered organisms for field experiments.

The technique by which genetic material from one organism is inserted into a foreign cell in order to mass-produce the protein encoded by the inserted genes. This relatively new technique manipulates the DNA (genetic material) of cells. For example, in this technique, the genes, which are actually portions of molecules of DNA, are removed from the donor organism (insect, plant, mammal, or other organism) and spliced into the genetic material of a virus; the virus is then allowed to infect recipient bacteria. In this way the bacteria become recipients of both viral and foreign genetic material. When the virus replicates within the bacteria, large quantities of the foreign as well as viral material are made. (See also Recombinant).

The science of changing the DNA of a plant or animal to produce desirable characteristics. Examples of desirable characteristics include fast growth and unusually large size. This is a very controversial science that many believe has not been adequately tested and studied. In addition, not everyone agrees that the plants and animals that are genetically engineered are safe for humans to eat or safe for the environment if released.

altering the genetic material of cells or organisms in order to make them capable of making new substances or performing new functions.

The manipulation of the genetic content of an organism for the sake of genetic analysis or to produce or improve a product.

See recombinant DNA technology.

the science of changing the genes of a living organism

The science of modifying the genetic constitution of plants and animals directly

scientific alteration and manipulation of the structure of genetic material ( DNA) in a living organism. Involves a series of procedures which uses and selected pieces ( genes) of organisms.

The manipulation of genetic material, commonly for economic, medical, or research purposes. Also: Genetic Modification.

the manipulation of an organism's genetic endowment by introducing or eliminating specific genes through modern molecular biology techniques. (from PUBLIC PERCEPTION ISSUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, by Charles Hagedorn and Susan Allender-Hagedorn at Virginia Tech)

The manipulation of an organism's endowment by introducing or eliminating specific genes; a broad definition of genetic engineering also includes selective breeding and other means of artificial selection

one aspect of biotechnology: involves direct transfer of genes from one organism to another

The process of altering the genetic makeup of cells or individual organisms by deliberately inserting, removing, or changing specific genes.

The technology used to genetically manipulate living cells to produce new chemicals or perform new functions.

The artificial altering of a living organism's genetic material to produce new traits, species or products.

A way of directly manipulating genetic material in a cell or organism to produce desired traits.

Manipulation of an organism's genes by introducing, eliminating or rearranging specific genes using the methods of modern molecular biology, particularly those techniques referred to as recombinant DNA techniques.

Using recombinant DNA techniques and related methods to move one or several genes from one organism to another, to rearrange one or several genes within a cell, or to alter gene-controlled processes. Transferring a DNA segment from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism to modify, amplify, transform and express genetic information. The two organisms can be totally unrelated. See recombinant DNA.

Manufacture, alteration or repair of genetic material by synthetic means.

A process of inserting new genetic information into existing cells in order to modify a specific organism for the purpose of changing one of its characteristics.

n: The artificial transfer of specific genes from one organism to another.

the deliberate alteration of genes and genetic processes, allowing, for example, cell factories to be used to make useful proteins by altering genetic sequences

Genetic engineering, genetic modification (GM) and gene splicing are terms for the process of manipulating genes, generally implying that the process is outside the organism's natural reproductive process.

Radical technology allowing movement of genes between species.

A process in which an isolated and well characterized gene is delivered, integrated and expressed in a host cell.