Refers to the passions and ignorance that cause one to wander repeatedly in samsara and hinder one from attaining enlightenment. Vices, negative psychological tendencies or afflictions. The three most common and the root of all others are greed (raga) and desire or lust; hatred (dvesa), anger, or adversion to what one does not want or like; and ignorance (avidya) . Others include conceit or arrogance (mana), doubt (vicikitsa) and false views or opinonatedness (drsti). Delusion (moha), laxity (styana), excitability (auddhatya), shamelessness (ahrika), and recklessness (anapatrapya) are also listed. See also “ afflictions" and JEWEL MIRROR.