Structural failure by gross lateral deflection of a slender element under bending stress, such as the sideward buckling of a long, slender column or the buckling of a beam in the lower center of its span.

An abrupt change in the shape and orientation of a hair shaft with or without a slight twist, often seen in pubic hairs.

Bowing or lateral displacement of a compression spring. This effect is related to slenderness ratio L/D.

A failure mode usually characterized by fiber deflection rather than breakage due to compressive action.

A condition when a tire is bulging or crumpling.

Warping or bending of the battery plates.

A failure usually characterized by fiber deflection rather than breaking because of compressive action.

Deformation of element or structure under compressive or shear loading; the deformation is usually normal to the direction of applied load.

Bowing or lateral deflection of compression springs when compressed, related to the slenderness ratio.

An uncontrolled deformation pattern perpendicular to the surface of a sheet caused by compressive stresses. Buckling in the flange of the part is referred to as wrinkling, and buckling in the wall of the part is referred to as puckering. A bulge, bend, kink, or other wavy condition of the workpiece caused by compressive stresses.

The bending of a building material as a result of wear and tear or contact with a substance such as water.

In engineering, buckling is a failure mode characterised by a sudden failure of a structural member that is subjected to high compressive stresses where the actual compressive stresses at failure are smaller than the ultimate compressive stresses that the material is capable of withstanding. This mode of failure is also described as failure due to elastic instability. Mathematical analysis of buckling makes use of an eccentricity that introduces a moment which does not form part of the primary forces to which the member is subjected.

When a wrinkle or ripple affects shingles or their underlayments.

The formation of wrinkles or furrows across a shingle or shingles.

Disruption causing ripples or ridges in canvas.

Ridges that occur across the width of the tape causing a gap between layers of the roll.