The cloud of suspended minerals formed where hot water spews out of a vent along a mid-ocean ridge; the dissolved sulfide components of the hot water instantly precipitate when the water mixes with seawater and cools.
A vent on the seafloor from which hydrothermal fluids are emitted. On mixing with seawater and cooling, the fluids precipitate a cloud of fine-grained sulfide minerals that resembles a cloud of black smoke.
a deep-sea hydrothermal (hot water) vent
a hot undersea volcanic vent belching sulphur, typically found
a chimney-like structure formed by the precipitation of minerals at hydrothermal vents, as hot water (up to 400°C) from the earth's mantle is injected into the cold water of the deep ocean.
A chimneylike structure made up of sulfur-bearing minerals that actively bellow black smoke.
Volcanic vent found in areas of active ocean floor spreading, through which sulphide-laden fluids escape.
a chimney-like structure on the seafloor made of metal sulfides, out of which hot (~350°C) fluids that look like black smoke flow. The black color of the fluid is due to mineral particles within it
Superheated hypothermal water rising to the surface at a midocean ridge; the water is superheated with metals; when exiting through the seafloor, it quickly cools and the dissolved metals precipitate, resulting in black, smokelike effluent [LCOTE
Black smokers are a type of hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor. The vents are formed in fields hundreds of meters wide when superheated water from below the Earth's crust comes through the ocean floor. The superheated water is rich in dissolved minerals from the crust, most notably sulfides, which crystallize to create a chimney-like structure around each vent.