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a character which is shared by all basal members of a clade and is derived from their common ancestor. A synapomorphy may be secondarily lost in later descendants. Only a synapomorphy may be used to infer phylogeny
unique derived character.--------------------Y-Z
These are characters that are shared by a group of sequences due to recentness of common ancestry.
A shared derived character state that is indicative of a phylogenetic relationship among two or more OUT's.
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