perceived with the eyes and sometimes with other senses; as, no explanation for the observed phenomena.

Detected by systematic scientific observation; as, variation in the observed flux may depend on a number of factors.

Perceived directly with the eyes; observed at first hand.

discovered or determined by scientific observation; "variation in the ascertained flux depends on a number of factors"; "the discovered behavior norms"; "discovered differences in achievement"; "no explanation for the observed phenomena"