A buoyant mass of hot, partially molten mantle material that rises to the base of the lithosphere.

A convection column generated by combustion (of wildland fuel). see also: Convection Column

See mantle plume.

a hypothetical Mantle feature

Typically a large convection column of smoke born from the wildfire and rising into the atmosphere.

The column of hot gases flames, and smoke rising above a fire. Also called convection column, thermal updraft, or thermal column.

An elongated and usually open and mobile column or band (as of liquid, exhaust gases, or smoke

A buoyant mixture of hot air and volcanic particles that rises above the volcano high into the atmosphere.

1. Buoyant jet in which the buoyancy is supplied from a point source; the buoyant region is continuous. See thermal. 2. A mostly horizontal (sometimes initially vertical) stream of air pollutant that is being blown downwind from a smokestack. Typical smoke-plume diameters are of order 1–10 m initially, gradually expanding to 100 m or more, while lengths can be order of 1–100 km. The path and shape of the smoke plume can indicate the nature of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer, such as looping plumes, fanning plumes, and coning plumes. Emanuel, K. A., 1994: Atmospheric Convection, Oxford University Press, p. 16.

A vapor, liquid, dust, or gaseous cloud formation which has shape and buoyancy.

In hydrodynamics, a plume is a column of one fluid moving through another. Several effects control the motion of the fluid, including momentum, buoyancy and density difference. When momentum effects are more important than density differences and buoyancy effects the plume is usually described as a jet.