Trees with crowns forming the general level of canopy and receiving direct sunlight from above but limited sunlight from the sides.

A species that is equally dominant with one or more other species in the sub-association. In NVIS, co-dominance can also refer to a growth form instead of a species. NVIS

When referring to plants in this document, a plant that covers nearly as much ground as the plant that covers the most ground. For practical purposes, all plants covering more than about 10% in any given layer (e.g the tall tree layer, the low shrub layer, the ground layer) is considered a co-dominant. See also the "dominant" definition, below.

A co-dominant crown is one where the area occupied by the tree crowns of the upper stratum occupies 30%-50% of the total crown cover of the stand. Forestry Victoria

branches- Those that are roughly equal in size to the trunk or branch on which they originate, or where two or more branches of relatively equal size fork or diverge from a common point. Co-dominate branches are usually vigorous and upright.