a socialist movement among Jews in the Pale of Settlement in western Russia in the late 1800's. The Bundists supported Jewish linguistic and political autonomy. Their nationalism was cultural rather than territorial and, thus, they were at odds with much of the Zionist movement.

A Jewish political group that was represented in the parliament in Poland.

Jewish political organization in Poland which was represented in the Polish parliament.

A political labor organization of Jewish workers founded in Vilna, Lithuania in 1987. The name is an abbreviation in Yiddish for The General Union of Jewish Workers in Russia, Lithuania, and Poland. The Bund opposed Zionism and viewed Yiddish as the only secular Jewish language.

Jewish Workers’ Party, a Marxist, albeit non-Stalinist, underground group active in the Warsaw ghetto and other places in Poland. Founded in Vilna in 1897.

Jewish Socialist Party active in Poland