The loss of ductility and gain in hardness resulting from strain aging. An increase in hardness and strength caused by plastic deformation at temperatures below the recrystallization range.

With strain hardening, there is an increase of strength by straining of the microstructure. It occurs, when hot-formed steel products are re-drawn, re-rolled, etc. Before a further cold forming, such products have to be (soft) annealed, unless strain hardening was the target of the cold forming.

The increase in hardness and strength of a ductile metal as it is plastically deformed below its recrystallization temperature.

An increase in hardness and strength caused by plastic deformation at temperatures lower than the recrystallization range.

Modification of a metal structure by cold working, resulting in an increase in strength and hardness with loss of ductility.

The increase in strength and hardness that occurs when a metal is plastically deformed under such conditions that softening does not take place i.e. below the recrystalisation temperature. Also known as work hardening.

An increase in hardness and strength caused by plastic deformation at temperatures below the recrystallization range. Also known as work hardening.