William Anderson (1885 - 13 March 1915) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

William Robert Anderson (born June 17, 1921) is a former officer in the United States Navy and a former member of Congress from Tennessee.

William Anderson (1842 - 1900), was a Scottish surgeon and collector of Japanese art. He was the first chairman of the Japan Society. Between 1882 and 1900, Anderson donated his collection of approximately 2000 of Japanese illustrated woodcut books to the British Library.