Small molecule that is formed in or released into the cytosol in response to an extracellular signal and helps to relay the signal to the interior of the cell. Examples include cAMP, IP and Ca2+.
Small diffusible intracellular signalling molecule, produced as a result of receptor stimulation, that conveys the signal from the receptor to some enzyme or molecular system in the cell, which mediates the cell's response. Common second messengers are cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, Ca2+, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol.
An intracellular signaling molecule whose concentration increases (or decreases) in response to binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell-surface receptor and participates in mediating the cellular response to the ligand. Examples include cAMP, Ca2+, diacylglycerol, and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.
Molecule formed by interaction of ligand with a receptor, usually coupled to G-protein. This stimulates or inhibits enzymatic production of secondary messenger molecules: cAMP, IP3, cCMP, etc.
A small molecule generated inside cells in response to binding of a hormone to cell surface receptors. Examples include cyclic AMP and calcium.
A molecule produced inside neurons as a step in the process of communication between cells. The second messenger lets other parts of the cell know that a specific receptor has been activated, thereby completing the message carried by the neurotransmitter that bound to the receptor. Some receptors (e.g., dopamine, opiate) use second messengers. Others (e.g., nicotine, GABA) do not.
An intracellular signaling molecule whose concentration increases (or decreases) in response to binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell-surface receptor. Examples include cAMP, Ca2, diacylglycerol (DAG), and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). ( Figure 20-4)
A compound, such as cyclic AMP, that is released within a target cell after a hormone or other "first messenger" has bound to a surface receptor on a cell; the second messenger triggers further reactions within the cell.
An intermediate in a certain type of signal transduction pathway.
an intracellular metabolite or ion increasing or decreasing as a response to the stimulation of receptors by agonists , considered as the "first messenger"
a small signal molecule, in some cases a simple ion like a calcium ion that is released inside a cell when a "first messenger" signal is received at the surface of the cell
Molecules that are synthesized in response to hormones binding to their receptors. Second messengers initiate the biological action of the hormone.
A molecule that conveys the chemical message of a hormone or neurotransmitter, or any other extracellular signal (the first messenger,) to the next stage in the cell's biochemical machinery.
A mediator that is generated within a cell in response to a signal transduction event at the cell surface.
The mechanism by which nonsteroid hormones work on target cells. A hormone binds to receptors on the cell's plasma membrane activating a molecule&emdash;the second messenger&emdash;that activates other intracellular molecules that elicit a response. The second messenger can be cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol triphosphate, diacrylglycerol, or calcium. PICTURE 1 | PICTURE 2 | PICTURE 3
a short lived chemical signal in the cytosol that can trigger a biochemical response. Second messenger formation is usually stimulated by a first messenger (a neurotransmitter or hormone) acting as a G-protein-coupled cell surface receptor.
In biology, second messengers are low-weight diffusible molecules that are used in signal transduction to relay signals within a cell. They are synthesized or released by specific enzymatic reactions, usually as a result of an external signal that was received by a transmembrane receptor and pre-processed by other membrane-associated proteins.