For soil: The disturbance of the topsoil and litter layer of an area for site preparation prior to seeding or planting to reduce weed competition. For seed: The abrasion or weakening of the seed coat to encourage germination.

Churning up the soil before seedlings are planted

(1) For soil: The removal of the top litter layer of an area (usually in strips) for site preparation. (2) For seed: The abrasion or weakening of the seed coat to encourage germination.

cutting in order to leave permanant scars or temporary whelts.