Thirty-second president of the United States, serving from 1933 to 1945. In relation to the Holocaust of the Jews, and from papers and correspondence uncovered since the war, he is now considered to be one of those Allied leaders responsible for refusing to credit reliable reports of the Nazi treatment of the Jews and for withholding orders to assist them with military activity, which might have saved many thousands of lives in the death camps and on death marches as the Russians approached the camps in eastern Europe.