The riffle habitat sampled is one of flowing broken water over gravel, pebble, cobble or boulder, with a depth greater than 10cm ( Krasnicki et al. 2001).
A rocky shoal or sandbar lying just below the surface of a waterway. The choppy water created by such sand bars and shoals is also referred to as a riffle.
Areas within streams characterized by turbulent running broken water (white water).
A rocky, shallow, turbulent area of a stream or river where oxygen is physically introduced into the water.
Shallow area where water passing over the bottom causes visible disturbances (ripples) at the water surface.
Relatively fast flowing shallow water in a stream, where an uneven streambed produces surface agitation.
A shallow section in a river or stream where the water flows swiftly; may be less turbulent than rapids.
A shallow rapid with very small waves, often over a sand or gravelbottom. Does not rate a grade on either the Western or the International scale of difficulty.
A riffle is part of the natural sequence of a stream pattern as it alters between riffles and pools in the linear direction. Riffles are the steeper, shallower areas where turbulence is usually present due to shallow water flowing over the channel substrate. Pools are the calmer, less steep areas where deeper water is present, typically in a wider channel width. Additionally, there are glides that are linear stream areas where no turbulence is present due to sufficiently deep water but stream velocities are higher than typical of pool areas. Glides are usually not as wide across the stream channel as compared to pools.
A rapid, turbulent flow of water over a shallow area in a stream. Riffles add oxygen to the water as water is churned, and provide habitat for many invertebrates. image
_ The topographic high points on a streambed profile composed of the coarsest bed material being transported by the river.
stir up (water) so as to form ripples
an area of shallow, rapidly flowing water within a stream
a shallow portion of water that has a disturbed surface, perhaps bubbling over some rocks, so as a result is oxygenated
a shallow rapid where water flows swiftly over small rocks (cobblestones)
a shoal, reef, or rocky obstruction in a stream of water
a shallow section of water with a fast flow and a disturbed surface.
Shallow section of a river where water flows swiftly over coarse gravels, rocks and boulders
A groove in the bottom of an inclined trough or sluice, for trapping gold or other heavy minerals contained in sand or gravel.
A stretch of slightly choppy water caused by shallow rocks or deadfall in the stream.
relatively shallow section of a stream or river with rapid current and surface broken by gravel, rubble, or boulders.
A shallow, fast flowing rocky area of a stream. (A good place to collect aquatic macroinvertebrates.)
fast shallow waters of a stream; low gradient riffles are less than 2% gradient while high gradient riffles are from 27%.
Shallow rapids with surface turbulence resulting from water flowing swiftly over or around obstructions.
A section of river with fast currant and a broken surface.
A shallow area of a stream in which water flows rapidly over a rocky or gravelly stream bed
A very small rapid or wave caused by a shallow sand bar or rocks extending across a streambed.
A reach of stream that is characterized by shallow, fast moving water broken by the presence of rocks and boulders.
The appearance of surface water as it runs over gravel and shallow spots. It is not quite whitewater but not flat water, either. Often pyramid shaped on the surface and sparkling.
a small rapid in a river or stream.
a hallow section of a stream where water bubbles over rocks, often found at the bend in a river.
A shallow section of river characterized by numerous small waves on the surface. Often caused by gravel bars or sandbanks.
A Section of a stream where the water is more turbulent, shallow and the flow is reduced. Identifiable by aerated water flow.
A fast-moving section of a stream, usually over cobbles and gravels.
A shallow gravel area of a stream that is characterized by increased velocities and gradients, and is the predominate stream area used by salmon for spawning.
shallow, broken water in a stream running over a stony bed south southern
A shallow section of stream with rapid current and a surface broken by gravel, rubble, or boulders.
A shallow area of the river in which water flows rapidly over stones or gravel.
A shallow, gravely area of streambed with swift current. Used for spawning by some fishes.
a shallow gravelly portion of streambed with swift current, used for spawning beds by many fish species; the most productive area of a stream
portion of a stream characterized by fast-moving, turbulent, relatively shallow water flowing over a substrate of rocks of various sizes.
A rapid or stream running over a rocky shoal
A point at which the stream is relatively energetic due to constriction or steep gradient; the counterpart of pool, above.
relatively shallow, fast flowing section of a stream.