Cloning in which a cloned human embryo is placed in a womb for eventual birth.

The use of somatic cell nuclear transfer or embryo splitting to secure pregnancy and a new individual intended to be virtually genetically identical to the person who donated the cell nucleus used or genetically identical to siblings resulting from embryo splitting (which in effect is the intentional creation of identical twins, or triplets etc.). Practiced in animals, especially farm animals. Considered ethically abhorrent because of strong ethical arguments within the fields of deontological ethics (including a duty not to intentionally violate the biological principle of sexual reproduction involving genetic reassortment and individual difference), teleological ethics (including the very high risk of severe birth defects with SCNT) and utilitarian ethics (where arguments are based on considerations by and for society generally). See also: cloning

making a full living copy of an organism; requires a surrogate mother

where an entire animal is produced from a single cell by asexual reproduction.

Making a full living copy of an organism. Currently illegal in Australia and many other countries around the world.