The use of technologies such as mass spectrometry to detect protein biomarkers in the blood that may indicate early signs of disease, even before symptoms appear. One such marker is C-reactive protein, an indicator of inflammatory changes in blood vessel walls that presage atherosclerosis.

Protein function, enzymes, and structural biology. · 147 terms

A branch of biotechnology concerned with applying the techniques of molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics to analyzing the structure, function, and interactions of the proteins produced by the genes of a particular cell, tissue, or organism, with organizing the information in databases, and with applications of the data.

Study of the expression and function of proteomes (q.v.). Classical proteomics technology is represented by the combination of 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.

The systematic and comprehensive identification and characterisation of proteins expressed from cells, tissues or organisms in terms of quality, structural modification, location within cells, activity and function

Study of the proteome; technically and conceptually similar to functional genomics, but with the aim of studying biological aspects of all proteins at once in a systematic manner.

The field of study that seeks to understand the entire protein component of an organism. In particular, the field is concerned with the relationship between a protein's composition, structure and function, as it relates to biological activities including health and disease states. One of the products of proteomic discovery is the development of suitable biomarkers for disease diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Proteomics encompasses general biochemistry, genetics, and bioinformatics techniques, and also relies on innovation in nanotechnology.

The study of global protein expression and changes caused by genetics, the environment, drugs, chemicals, or tissue location.

The measurement of cellular protein production and levels, the structural characterisation of those proteins and the understanding of their functions. This science is also heavily dependent on advanced analytical methodologies, including for example 2D gel-electrophoresis combined with nanospray mass spectrometry for separation and identification of proteins. Interestingly in humans, there may be only about 30,000 genes, but there are thought to be many more cellular proteins than there are genes, including all the possible post-translational modifications. This poses an immediate theoretical problem when gene expression- proteomic correlations are being sought as there is a higher level of cellular control than the genome which is in the protein complement itself. Also changes in gene expression which may or may not result in changes in cellular protein synthesis have to occur at different times in the cell, and different gene regulation events occurring at the same time may take different times to effect the proteome. From an analytical viewpoint, so far it has only been possible to separate and identify a small fraction of the possible cellular proteins.

Study of proteins and their function. Proteome = the protein composition of a cell at a given time.

the identification of proteins and subsequent determination of their role in disease.

Systematic analysis of protein expression of normal and diseased tissues that involves the separation, identification and characterization of all of the proteins in an organism.

the systematic analysis of proteins in healthy and diseased tissue, including the amounts and types that are present in different cell types at different times, their biological functions and their interactions with other proteins and biologically important molecules.

Research that aims to identify, quantify, and classify the function of proteins produced by given genomes

study of protein properties on a large scale to obtain a global, integrated view of cellular processes including expression levels, post translational modifications, interactions and location.

Proteomics is the analysis of proteins encoded by active genes, which are the direct cause of disease in the body. We believe proteomics will likely increase in importance in worldwide drug discovery labs.

The large-scale analysis of the structure and function of proteins as well as of protein–protein interactions.

The study of gene expression at the protein level, by the identification and characterization of proteins present in a biological sample.

The study of all the proteins that are expressed in a cell or organism.

the study of specific proteins expressed by the genome

The study of many proteins simultaneously to understand the function of one restricted state of a cell.

Term used to describe research aiming at an understanding of the functions of all proteins. For the vast majority of the proteins present in the human body, we have at present no clue of what they are doing. This field of research needs high-throughput methods to enable the study of proteins in global manner, to gain an understanding of the complexity on how proteins collaborate in the cell.

The scientific study of proteins and enzymes.

The scientific study of an organism's proteins and their role in an organism's structure, growth, and disease response. All biological processes involve changes in proteins, and total protein profile (the proteome) varies during the development of an organism and the progression and treatment of disease.

The study of the proteome (all the proteins synthesised  in a particular cell or organism at a particular point in time).

The study of the full set of proteins (the proteome) encoded by a genome.

The study of the proteome. Typically, the cataloging of all the expressed proteins in a particular cell or tissue type, obtained by identifying the proteins from cell extracts using a combination of 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The large scale analysis of the protein composition and function. (cf genomics)

a new science in which scientists seek to identify and understand the function of all the proteins in the human body

the effort to establish the identities, quantities, structures and biochemical and cellular functions of all proteins in an organism.

The study of how the entire set of proteins produced by a particular organism interact

A term used for all proteins present (expressed) in a cell or tissue at a specific time under certain pre-defined conditions. While the genome is virtually static, the proteome can continually change its state.

a field of study that seeks to discover all proteins in a living organism, determine their function, and how they affect each other.

Proteome Analysis. Involves the large-scale separation, identification and characterization of proteins in order to understand how proteins are created based on the information contained in genes, and to discover novel therapeutics, targets and biomarkers for drug discovery. Quadrupole mass spectrometer A low-cost mass spectrometer with limited mass range and flexibility. A special rugged design can be used for mobile mass spectrometry. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Like DNA, RNA belongs to the group of nucleic acids. In contrast to DNA, which exclusively serves for the storage of genetic information, RNA is responsible for the transport of this information from gene to protein. RNA is produced by reading the DNA. Sequencing Determination of the order of nucleotides (base sequences) in a DNA or RNA molecule or the order of amino acids in a protein.

The systematic, large-scale study of all proteins in an organism.

The study of the entire protein complement or “protein universe” of the cell. Mirroring genomics, proteomics aims to determine the entire suite of expressed proteins in a cell. This includes determining the number, level, and turnover of all expressed proteins, their sequence and any post-translational modifications to the sequence, and protein-protein and protein-other molecule interactions within the cell, across the cell membrane, and among (secreted) proteins.

The study of the proteome. Any global analysis of changes in the quantities and post-translational modifications of all the proteins in cells taking genome sequence as the starting point. The changes may be brought about by growth differentiation, senescence, changes in the environment, genetic manipulation, or other events.

The field of study concerned with the structural and functional relationships between proteins and the genes governing them.

The study of entire protein systems (proteomes): what are the component proteins, how they interact with each other, what kinds of metabolic networks or signaling networks they form etc.

The study of the structure and function of proteins, including the way they work and interact with each other inside cells.

Study of proteins encoded and expressed by a defined genome and of their interactions

All the protein products produced by an organism's genes are referred to as the proteome (by analogy with the genome). Proteomics is the study of these proteins and how they interact to affect the life of the organism.

The study of the structure and function of proteins in a cell or tissue at a specific time under certain pre-defined conditions; includes information on the way the proteins function and interact with each other inside cells.

Analysis of functions and interactions of proteins of an organism

The scientific study of the funcition of specific proteins in body cells.

The separation, identification, and characterization of the complete set of proteins present in the various cells of an organism; the design and construction of new proteins. Quantum confinement effect Atoms caged inside nanocrystals.

The study of proteins and their function.

The study of the full set of proteins encoded by a genome and their interactions.

The study of activities and functions of the proteins in cells and in organisms.

The identification of proteins and the determination of their location, interaction, activities and ultimately their function.

the study of proteins that are coded by a genome (the genetic material of an organism).

A study of an organism's proteins, including the molecular structure of the protein. Protein structure often determines the roles that proteins play in plant physiology.

The study of the set of proteins produced (expressed) by an organism, tissue or cell, and the changes in protein expression patterns in different environments and conditions.

The study of the protein products of genes, protein-protein interactions and protein sub-cellular localization. Examples could include engineering of new systems to sequence proteins or study protein interactions with other proteins or DNA, developing faster and cheaper detectors, such as high-density capillaries or high throughput mass spectrometers, and developing centres with expertise and accountability for protein analysis, such as 2D protein databases.

The study of protein synthesis and expression for the whole organism or proteome. Related to genomics but more complex since while there are about 50,000 gene sequences there are over 300,000 known proteins. Highly parallel purification schemes for proteins include multi-well filtration with ultrafiltration membranes.

The study and cataloging of proteins in an organism in order to determine how they interact with each other. Researchers believe that this may hold the keys to curing diseases in humans and identifying targets for drug development.

The study of all the proteins specified by a cell's DNA and of how these proteins interact.

The study of protein expression, structure, and function, and the interactions of all proteins of a specific organism.

The systematic analysis of protein expression of normal and diseased tissues that involves the separation, identification and characterization of proteins present in a biological sample.

Systematic analysis of the protein expression of healthy and diseased tissues.

The analysis of protein sequence, structure, expression, activity, and interactions within the different normal and diseased tissues of an organism. Expression proteomics compares the levels of proteins in different tissue samples while functional proteomics elucidates how proteins interact with each other and diverse cellular components such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), RNA, and cell membranes.

The study of the full set of proteins encoded by a genome. Source : Human Genome Project Information

An emerging field of science that focuses on the multitude of tasks assigned to proteins churned out by our genes.

Proteomics is the large-scale study of protein, particularly their structures and functions. This term was coined to make an analogy with genomics, and while it is often viewed as the "next step", proteomics is much more complicated than genomics. Most importantly, while the genome is a rather constant entity, the proteome differs from cell to cell and is constantly changing through its biochemical interactions with the genome and the environment.