Definitions for "Population Inversion"
A state in which a substance has been energized, or excited, so that more atoms or molecules are in a higher excited state than in a lower resting state. This is necessary prerequisite for laser action.
Normally the number of atoms at high energy level(E1) is less than those in low energy level(E1), N2(E2) N1(E1). If N2N1, we say population inversion exists, which is a necessary condition for lasing.
The state of a group of atoms or molecules a large number of which are at an elevated energy state, as opposed to their stable ground state. The lasing medium must be in this state for lasing to occur.