Material that is freely accessible to all users rather than password-protected or fee-based. Some web resources require registration. However since no fees are involved, those resources are still considered to be "open access."
A regulatory mandate to allow others to use a utility's transmission and distribution facilities to move bulk power from one point to another on a nondiscriminatory basis for a cost-based fee.
The scholarly communication reform movement that aims to make scholarly literature freely available on the public web. An umbrella term, open access includes both open access journal publishing and author self-archiving in digital repositories or on personal websites. From Suber's Open Access Overview: "Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions." From the Budapest Open Access Initiative: "By 'open access' to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited."
Access to the electric transmission system by any legitimate market participant, including utilities, independent power producers, cogenerators, and power marketers.
The non-discriminatory access to interstate pipeline transportation services.
Book stacks to which users have free access to browse and retrieve items on their own, as opposed to closed stacks
The ability of a purchaser of an Internet connection (like a cable or DSL modem) to choose an Internet Service Provider other than one specified by the connection provider. Likewise, the ability of independent ISPs to compete for customers on broadband media. Open Access is federally mandated for telecommunications services like DSL, but is generally unavailable on cable platforms. Several municipalities have included Open Access requirements in their cable franchises and franchise renewal agreements. Some cable companies have accepted the requirement. Others, like AT&T have vigorously fought the requirement, and are engaged in multiple law suits. The highest profile Open Access battle between a municipality and a cable company is AT&T v. Portland.
A situation in which access to a natural resource (e.g. a fishery or grazing land) is, for practical purposes, free, unlimited and available to everyone. This situation arises either where no one is legally entitled to deny others access (e.g. to fish on the high seas) or where the owner or manager of the resource fails to control access effectively. Because these resources are freely available or at minimal cost, they are frequently overexploited and degraded.
tenure where there is no control on access to resources: specific rights are not assigned to anyone and no-one can be excluded. It may include rangelands, forests, etc, where there is free access to the resources for all.
A publication model where in neither readers nor a reader's institution are charged for access to articles or other resources. Users are free to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright … should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited (Source: Budapest Open Access Initiative http://www.soros.org/openaccess/index.shtml) Definitions of open access also often include the provision that the article or resource will be deposited in an open access repository committed to long-term preservation.
Permitting wholesale power suppliers and sellers to move their power over the transmission lines of other utilities.
Non-discriminatory, fully equal access to transportation or transmission services offered by a pipeline or electric utility.
See retail access. Detroit Edison prefers to use the term retail access.
Order No. 888 requires utilities to allow others to use their transmission and distribution facilities, to move bulk power from one point to another on a nondiscriminatory basis for a cost-based fee.
A key component of the restructuring process that allows customers to obtain access to a utility's delivery services, separate from the purchase of electric power and energy and to purchase their power and energy from qualified suppliers.
Access by other rail operators to QR's rail infrastructure.
Under this fundamental principle of communications policy — also called "common carriage" — monopoly network owners must make their wires available to competitive service providers without discrimination. For instance, if Verizon is your local telephone provider, you must still be allowed to access dialup Internet service from NetZero, Earthlink or a variety of others. While "open access" rules still apply to ordinary telephone lines, last year the Supreme Court upheld an FCC ruling that eliminated open access rules over broadband connections. The network operators offering DSL and cable modem services no longer have to share their lines with competitors.
This principle states that monopoly network owners must make their wires available for competitive service providers without discrimination - just like the owners of the railroad tracks must let all trains run on the rails without discrimination. If AT&T is your local telephone provider, they must allow you to access dialup Internet service from NetZero, Earthlink, or a variety of others. While "open access" rules still exist on ordinary telephone lines, the Supreme Court and the FCC have eliminated open access rules over broadband connections. Network operators offering DSL no longer have to provide access to their lines to competitors. This is a radical break from a century of communications policy.
Nondiscriminatory access to a transmission system.
1. A term becoming generally applied to the evolving access to the transmission system for all generators and wholesale customers. (See FERC NOPR of March 1995.) 2. The use of utility's transmission and distribution facilities on a common-carrier basis at cost-based rates.
The ability of utility companies to use excess capacity available through the high-voltage, long-distance transmission lines of other utilities in return for fair compensation.
Axia’s Real Broadband business model is founded on the premise that access to high-quality, Real Broadband networks should be open and equal for everyone, regardless of geographic location and the other factors that either exclude access or make it extremely expensive. "Axia’s Real Broadband business model creates competition where the size of the market would not otherwise support competition,†explains Axia Chairman and CEO Art Price. “It does this by ensuring open access and encouraging competition at every level of the technology delivery process, thus enabling the customer to be the decision-maker."
Commonly used to refer to digital objects (e.g. research outputs, images, finding aids, learning objects), which have been made freely available by an institution or organisation through an Open Access Archive.
The movement to distribute in an open way the scientific production of, at least, the public funded researchers is facing tougher opposition than expected. A strong bet for open access initiatives will be clearly reflected in our rankings.
Access by all licensed electricity market participants to the transmission system, distribution systems and ancillary services and other market structures under the same terms and conditions, with no preferential treatment for those entities that may own, or are affiliated with the owners of, transmission system or distribution system assets. Also knows as non-discriminatory access.
The ability to send or wheel electric power to a customer over a transmission and distribution system that is not owned by the generator (seller) of the power.
Preamble: "Open Access" is often erroneously thought to mean the same thing as "Open Access Publishing." It is important to understand that it does not. Open Access Publishing is merely one of the means of providing Open Access, but not the only means or the primary means.
OpenAccess is a community effort to provide interoperability, including unified data exchange among integrated circuit design tools through an open standard data API and reference database supporting that API for IC design. It is coordinated by the Open Access Coalition of EDA industry leaders, including Cadence, IBM, Hewlett-Packard LSI Logic, Mitsubishi, Motorola, Philips Electronics, Silicon Navigator, ST Microelectronics, Sun Microsystems, and Synopsys.