Behavior characteristic of toddlers, in which they express their desire for independence by resisting authority. (170)

Opposition or resistance, either covert or overt, to outside suggestions or advice.

characterized by habitual skepticism and a tendency to deny or oppose or resist suggestions or commands

Refusal to follow requests or commands with oppositional disagreement.

the patient does exactly the opposite of what is required.

this occurs when the patient consistently does the opposite to what he is asked, e.g. when asked to open his hand, he will close it tighter.