A city. There are seven sacred cities which confer eternal happiness 1. Ayodhya, 2. Mathura, 3. Maya, 4. Kasi, 5. Kachi, 6. Avanti, 7. Dwaraka

A name sometimes used for Pataliputra, the capital city of the Guptas. But here it probably refers to another city, because when Vatsyayana wants to say Pataliputra he says it without equivocation

Nagara is at a distance of 17 km from Hosanagara or 84 km from Shimoga. This was called "Bidanoor" earlier during the 16th century, this was the last capital city of Keladi rulers. In 1763, Hyder Ali captured this area.

A kettledrum found in some gurdwaras and introduced by Guru Hargobind to be beaten when langer was ready. It is also a symbol of royal authority.