Most Penetrating Particle Size. The size of the particles that achieve maximum penetration of the filter medium. Particles that are smaller or larger than the most penetrating size exhibit a lower rate of penetration; the reduced penetration of the smaller particles is due to diffusion mechanisms, while for the large particles it is due to interception and inertial effects. The most penetrating size is a function of the structure of the filter medium, the velocity of the airflow through the filter, and the physical and chemical nature of the particles.