A very small, two dimensional array, typically on a glass, filter, or silicon wafer, upon which genes or gene fragments are deposited or synthesized in a high-density matrix, in a predetermined spatial order, allowing them to be made available to labeled probes in a high-throughput, parallel manner.
A two-dimensional grid of DNA genes or gene fragment spots, usually arranged on a glass slide or silicone wafer. A typical microarray contains 10,000-200,000 microscopic DNA spots.
A microarray is an experimental platform used to study the presence or activity of a full set of genes or proteins found in a cell or organism. When studying the presence of genes, the microarray (DNA microarray) is used for genotyping, i.e., assessing the full genetic complement of an organism as compared to a closely related organism.
A record of simultaneous activity by thousands of genes in a cell.
Similar approach to the DNA chip, except that microarrays use cDNAs (EST clone inserts, for instance), and not oligonucleotides, and are immobilized on glass. Quicker and cheaper when compared to DNA chips, but less precise.
A device that measures the difference in gene expression or protein expression in biomaterials under different experimental conditions, such as healthy versus diseased tissues or cells. In the typical protein array, the capture reagent, such as a known protein or antibody, is immobilized on a microchip and treated with liquid phase reagents. Binding or interaction of elements of the liquid phase with the capture reagent is quantified by computer software. Protein microarrays measure the variations in protein levels and can be used to determine the protein expression profile in diseases like cancer. See also Aptamer, Bioinformatics, Protein Expression Profile.
a cutting-edge high throughput technology that can be used to simultaneously detect expression of tens of thousands of genes
a glass microscope slide onto which many thousands of DNA samples have been spotted in a grid
a glass slide, onto which tens of thousands of DNA molecules are attached at fixed locations (spots) where each spot relates to a DNA sequence
a high throughput and time-saving method to monitor altered gene expression
a miniaturized gene hybridization and detection assay
a new approach and a useful tool to identify important genetic sequences or genes that are conserved throughout evolution
a new diagnostic tool in cancer classification
a new technology that measures the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously
a powerful technique in analysis of acute leukemia cells associated genes
a powerful technology to measure changes of gene expression at a global level
a powerful tool for the discovery of genes involved in evolutionarily conserved molecular mechanisms
a powerful tool to examine the global response underlying the molecular mechanism of cancer metastasis
a rapid method of sequencing and analysing genes
a recently developed tool capable of measuring the transcription rates of thousands of genes in a single experiment
a small device, about the size of a microscope slide, with thousands of different known DNA sequences immobilised at different addresses on the surface
a small, flat plate spotted with thousands of molecular probes
a small grid of samples of genes-usually tens of thousands of them-on a surface of around one square inch, which provides data on the expression of the genes
a small piece of glass, plastic, silicon, or other material on which thousands of samples of DNA (e
a small piece of glass (similar to a microscope slide) with a grid of tens of thousands of microscopic spots that are invisible to the naked eye
a solid support (such as a glass microscope slide or a nylon membrane) on which DNA of known sequence is deposited in a regular grid like array
a tool for analyzing gene expression, consisting of a small membrane or glass slide containing samples of many genes arranged in a regular pattern
a tool for measuring the amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) that is circulating in a cell
a versatile tool for such a purpose
a very effective tool to elucidate gene functions
An array of many different pieces of DNA, arranged on a small piece of glass. Microarrays, also known as 'DNA chips', can be used to study thousands of different genes or genetic variations at the same time.
Sometimes called a gene chip or a DNA chip. Microarrays consist of large numbers of molecules (often, but not always, DNA) distributed in rows in a very small space. Microarrays permit scientists to study gene expression by providing a snapshot of all the genes that are active in a cell at a particular time.
A glass or plastic slide with many DNA spots attached to it, which allows researchers to study how many genes act and interact in different conditions.
A technique for determining which genes are actively being used in a cell by checking which mRNA molecules are present.
Sets of miniaturized chemical reaction areas that may also be used to test DNA fragments, antibodies, or proteins.
a tool for studying how large numbers of genes interact with each other.
a tool that permits the identification of DNA samples and examination of gene expression in individual tissues and different conditions.
DNA which has been anchored to a chip as an array of microscopic dots, each one of which represents a gene. Messenger RNA which encodes for known proteins is added and will hybridize with its complementary DNA on the chip. The result will be a fluorescent signal indicating that the specific gene has been activated.
A microarray (or gene chip) is an array of thousands of individual gene (DNA) sequences fixed in a known order onto a solid support. RNAs from different tissues are hybridized (bound) to the DNA on the chips. An RNA molecule will only bind to the DNA from which it was expressed (copied). Thus, the relative expression of thousands of genes in various tissues (or the same tissue treated with different drugs or drug amounts) can be compared in a single experiment. In this way, coordinated increases or decreases in the expression of a cluster of genes can be detected. Analogously, microarray chips containing protein (instead of DNA) sequences are being developed to test for protein to protein binding. These technologies are being used to identify drug targets, to validate drug efficacy, and to personalize drug therapies.
Refers to the spotting of biomolecules on a membrane or glass in a pattern that can be addressed. (Larger arrays, such as standard dot blots, are sometimes referred to as macroarrays.) These molecules are permanently attached and tagged molecule samples are allowed to bind or hybridize. Analysis of the strength of the signal from the spots after washing allows researchers to quantitate the expression of a large number of genes. Recently arrays have been placed on slides and microchips, such as the Vividâ„¢ microarray slides. This process is also called genomic profiling.