the external forces that directly or indirectly influence an organisation's acquisition of inputs and generation of outputs; consists of six categories of forces -- political, legal, regulatory, societal/green, technological, economic and competitive (10,33)
The actor and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management's ability to develop and maintain successful transactions with its target customers.
Forces which impinge upon an organisation's business activities that are outwith the direct control of that organisation (e.g. macroeconomic trends, political initiatives, regulatory frameworks, demographic patterns and cultural norms).
The external forces that directly or indirectly influence an organisation's acquisition of inputs and generation of outputs, comprising six categories of forces: political, legal, regulatory, societal/green, technological, and economic and competitive. p. 35
External changing forces within the trading environment: laws, regulations, political activities, societal pressures, economic conditions and technological advances. p. 10